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1. The Sharpe-Ratio is used to evaluate the risk-adjusted return of an investment. It measures how much excess return an investment generates for each unit of risk taken. The Sharpe-Ratio helps investors understand whether the returns they are getting are worth the risk they are taking.
2. The Sortino-Ratio focuses specifically on downside risk or the risk of negative returns. Instead of using standard deviation like the Sharpe-Ratio, the Sortino-Ratio only considers the volatility of negative returns. The Sortino-Ratio helps investors assess how well an investment performs relative to the risk of losing money.
3. The Calmar-Ratio is used to evaluate the risk-adjusted return of an investment, focusing on the relationship between return and maximum drawdown. Maximum drawdown represents the largest peak-to-trough decline in the value of an investment. The Calmar-Ratio helps investors understand how much return they are getting for the worst possible loss they might experience.
4. The C8-Ratio is used to assess the quality or consistency of the return on an investment by considering the volatility around the most consistent path possible. The C8-Ratio helps investors understand how much return they can expect for how well the investment evolves.
5. The geometric mean of these quantities expresses a collective view of return vs risk.

Buy recommendation analysis informs investors about the strength of a buying opportunity based on a proprietary model that is updated monthly. For Stocks, it uses factor rankings, and for ETFs and model portfolios, it measures the upward trend strength in a risk-adjusted setting, allowing it to rank the expected returns. The buy recommendations help investors choose those opportunities with the most potential for reward.